In human and rodents, some individuals may remain lean even when they are challenged with high calorie intake. Here, we used C57BL/6J mice to establish animal models of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity sensitive (DIO) mice and obesity resistant (DIR) mice. In DIR mice, improved metabolic profile through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation was observed, while plasma unconjugated bile acids (BAs) were decreased together with increased intestine tauro-conjugated BAs (e.g., T-β-MCA). The composition of the gut flora also differs greatly between DIR and DOR. Using fecal microbiota transplants from DIR mice, HFD fed recipient mice exhibited a trend toward reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, showing increased serum tauro-conjugated BAs levels. STC-1 cell experiments confirmed T-β-MCA could activate FXR/TGR5 pathway and induce the production of GLP-1, inhibiting genes that regulate the ceramide synthesis. Our results indicated that the DIR mice exhibited higher energy expenditure by activating BAT thermogenesis, which may be related to altered gut microbiota-bile acids-glucagon like peptide-1 axis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109358 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Intracellular Parasite Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Sandfly vectors transmit through egestion of parasites into the host skin. The transmissible dose is shaped by development in the sandfly gut, described as a sequential differentiation of promastigote morphotypes. Apart from isolated mammal-infective metacyclic promastigotes, little is known about the transcriptional programs and molecular markers for other stages coinhabiting the midgut in mature infections and cotransmitted by the sandfly bite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Genomics
December 2024
Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Prelingual hearing impairment (HI) is genetically highly heterogenous. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for psychosocial development. In this study we investigated a consanguineous family from Pakistan with autosomal recessive (AR) non-syndromic sensorineural HI (NSHI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
January 2025
Department of Chinese Medicinal Pharmaceutics, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yang Guang South Street, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China. Electronic address:
Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS) with clinical manifestations of respiratory distress and hypoxemia remains a significant cause of respiratory failure, boasting a persistently high incidence and mortality rate. Given the central role of M1 macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI), this study utilized the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin as a model drug. l-arginine (L-Arg) was employed as a targeting ligand, and chitosan was initially modified with l-arginine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014.
Proliferating tumor cells take up glutamine for anabolic processes, engendering glutamine deficiency in the tumor microenvironment. How this might impact immune cells is not well understood. Using multiple mouse models of soft tissue sarcomas, glutamine antagonists, as well as genetic and pharmacological inhibition of glutamine utilization, we found that the number and frequency of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) is dependent on microenvironmental glutamine levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Res Commun
November 2024
Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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