Methane (CH) emission in livestock arises from enteric fermentation (EnF) and manure management (MM). This study develops the country-specific CH emission factors (EFs) in both EnF and MM for domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and estimates total CH emission in Nepal using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 methodology. Seasonal field data were collected on morphological characteristics, feed characteristics, and manure management practices of the buffalo. The buffalo population was divided into five age groups, and at least 35 buffalo individuals were measured from each age group in the Hilly and Plain regions of Nepal in the winter and summer seasons. Buffalo adult male (BAM) had the highest body weight of 530 ± 53 kg in the plain region and 514 ± 65 kg in the Hill region. Similarly, the weight of buffalo calf (BC) was 91 ± 25 kg in the plain region and 77 ± 26 kg in the Hill region. For different age groups of buffalo, EnF EFs ranged from 34 ± 8 to 90 ± 10 kg CH head year and MM EFs ranged from 2.5 ± 0.5 to 7.5 ± 0.5 kg CH head year. The estimated EnF and MM EFs of buffalo were not statistically different by region (p > 0 .05). The total CH flux from buffalo was 347.8 Gg year in Nepal, contributing 322.2 Gg year from EnF and 25.6 Gg year from MM. The country-specific EFs are highly recommended for precise computing of the national emissions and carrying out mitigation action.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11209-6DOI Listing

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