Large-scale high-throughput 3D culture, imaging, and analysis of cell spheroids using microchip-enhanced light-sheet microscopy.

Light sheet microscopy combined with a microchip is an emerging tool in biomedical research that notably improves efficiency. However, microchip-enhanced light-sheet microscopy is limited by noticeable aberrations induced by the complex refractive indices in the chip. Herein, we report a droplet microchip that is specifically engineered to be capable of large-scale culture of 3D spheroids (over 600 samples per chip) and has a polymer index matched to water (difference <1%). When combined with a lab-built open-top light-sheet microscope, this microchip-enhanced microscopy technique allows 3D time-lapse imaging of the cultivated spheroids with ∼2.5-µm single-cell resolution and a high throughput of ∼120 spheroids per minute. This technique was validated by a comparative study on the proliferation and apoptosis rates of hundreds of spheroids with or without treatment with the apoptosis-inducing drug Staurosporine.