Unlabelled: bacteria are known as symbionts of legumes for developing nodules on plant roots and fixing N for the host plants but unknown for associations with dinoflagellates. Here, we detected, isolated, and characterized a species from the marine toxic dinoflagellate culture. Its 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) is 99% identical to that of , and the affiliation is supported by the phylogenetic placement of its cell wall hydrolase -encoding gene (). Using quantitative PCR of 16S rDNA and , we found that the abundance of this bacterium increased during the late exponential growth phase of and under nitrogen limitation, suggesting potential physiological interactions between the dinoflagellate and the bacterium. This is the first report of dinoflagellate-associated bacterium, and its prevalence and ecological roles in dinoflagellate- relationships remain to be investigated in the future.
Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-021-00102-1.
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