The Association of the Inflammatory Index of the Maternal Diet with the Type of Delivery, Maternal Nutritional Status, and the Lipid Profile of Human Milk.

To evaluate the association of the dietary inflammatory index adjusted for energy (E-DII) with the evolution of maternal body mass index and human milk lipid (HM) profile in the first 6 months postpartum. This is a cohort study with 260 Brazilian women (19-43 years old) in the postpartum period. Sociodemographic, gestational, and anthropometric data of the mother were obtained in the immediate postpartum period and in the six monthly meetings. A food frequency questionnaire was applied at baseline and used to calculate the E-DII score. Mature HM was collected, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the Rose Gottlib method. Generalized estimation equation models were built. Women with >E-DII showed lower adherence to physical activity during pregnancy ( = 0.027), higher frequency of cesarean delivery ( = 0.024), and higher body mass index over time ( < 0.001). At the end of the 6th month, 35 women remained in the study. As for HM, 151 analyses were performed, detecting in the 3rd collection greater fat (%) among those with >E-DII (4.27 ± 1.98 vs. 3.75 ± 2.48;  = 0.003). Diets with >E-DII can impact the type of delivery, change the evolution of maternal nutritional status, and the stability of the lipid profile of HM.