Early outcomes following the implementation of a specialised pleural disease service.

Background: Pleural effusion is a common cause of hospitalisation and a poor prognostic marker that is associated with morbidity and mortality. The evaluation and management of pleural effusion may be performed more effectively by a specialised pleural disease service (SPDS).

Aims: To evaluate the impact of a SPDS established in 2017 at a 400-bed metropolitan hospital in Victoria, Australia.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was undertaken comparing outcomes of individuals with pleural effusions. People with pleural effusion were identified using administrative data. Two 12-month time periods were compared, 2016 (Period 1, before SPDS) and 2018 (Period 2, after SPDS).

Results: Period 1 had n = 76 and Period 2 had n = 96 individuals with pleural effusion receiving intervention. Age (69.8 ± 17.6 vs 71.8 ± 15.8), gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index (4.9 ± 2.8 vs 5.4 ± 3.0) were similar across both periods. Utilisation of point-of-care ultrasound for pleural procedures increased from Period 1 to 2, 57.3-85.7% (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in median days from admission to intervention (3.8-2.1 days, P = 0.048) and pleural-related re-intervention rate (32% vs 19%, P = 0.032). Pleural fluid testing was more consistent with recommendations (16.8% vs 43.2%, P < 0.001). Overall, there was no difference in the median length of stay (7.9 vs 6.4 days, P = 0.23), pleural-related readmissions (11% vs 16%, P = 0.69) or mortality (17.1% vs 15.6%, P = 0.79). Procedural complications were similar between the two periods.

Conclusions: The introduction of a SPDS was associated with increased point-of-care ultrasound utilisation for pleural procedures, shorter delays to intervention and improved standardisation of tests on pleural fluid.