Vidian nerve is created from the connection of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve (Giraddi et al., 2010). These two nerves transmit parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers respectively. Vidian nerve tumour is one of the rarest known tumours (Hong et al., 2014). Genetic changes effectively play a role in the development of nerve sheath tumors. Of course, due to the rarity of this type of tumor, there is not much information about its causes and risk factors (Yamasaki et al., 2015). The incidence rate of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors is about 0.001 % (Fortes et al., 2019). Considering the low prevalence of this tumor and the type of treatment performed on this patient, the investigation of the case presented in this study can lead to a better understanding and more correct treatment. This case report has been proposed due to the very low prevalence of neurofibroma of the Vidian nerve in the world. Vidian nerve supplies sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal glands and nasopalatine mucosa. In many cases, involvement of the Vidian nerve by neurofibroma can be misleading for doctors. Due to the very low prevalence of neurofibroma of the Vidin nerve, the possibility of its being missed and not diagnosed during the examination of patients by doctors is very high. This case report is presented in order to familiarize scientists with this lesion due to its very low prevalence. This therapeutic approach that was used in this case requires longer follow-up periods, but it can prevent possible complications after surgery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.02.007 | DOI Listing |
Curr Biol
February 2025
Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
Vertebrate retinas share a basic blueprint comprising 5 neuronal classes arranged according to a common wiring diagram. Yet, vision is aligned with species differences in behavior and ecology, raising the question of how evolution acts on this circuit to adjust its computational characteristics. We address that problem by comparing the thalamic visual code and retinal cell composition in closely related species occupying different niches: Rhabdomys pumilio, which are day-active murid rodents, and nocturnal laboratory mice (Mus musculus).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
March 2025
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that lead to decreased quality of life due to behavioral, motor, and cognitive impairments. Due to the widespread pathological nature of AD, many brain regions are affected by Aβ plaques including regions important for vision such as the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus which is critical for relaying signals from the retina to the primary visual cortex. Using a wide range of techniques including electrophysiological approaches, in vivo and ex vivo imaging methods, and immunohistochemistry in a mouse model with progressing amyloidosis (5xFAD), the goal of this study was to determine whether AD-like pathology disrupts neuronal and synaptic structure and function in the visual system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural Netw
June 2025
Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen, 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany. Electronic address:
Simple cells in the visual cortex process spatial as well as temporal information of the visual stream and enable the perception of motion information. Previous work suggests different mechanisms associated with direction selectivity, such as a temporal offset in thalamocortical input stream through lagged and non-lagged cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), or solely from intercortical inhibition, or through a baseline selectivity provided by the thalamocortical connection tuned by intercortical inhibition. While there exists a large corpus of models for spatiotemporal receptive fields, the majority of them built-in the spatiotemporal dynamics by utilizing a combination of spatial and temporal functions and thus, do not explain the emergence of spatiotemporal dynamics on basis of network dynamics emerging in the retina and the LGN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntioxidants (Basel)
December 2024
Ramon Castroviejo Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with intraocular pressure (IOP) being its primary risk factor. Despite controlling IOP, the neurodegenerative process often continues. Therefore, substances with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties could protect against RGC death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of AI for Industries, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing, 168, Tianquan Road, Nanjing 211135, China.
In this study, we designed a biomimetic artificial visual system (AVS) inspired by biological visual system that can process RGB images. Our approach begins by mimicking the photoreceptor cone cells to simulate the initial input processing followed by a learnable dendritic neuron model to replicate ganglion cells that integrate outputs from bipolar and horizontal cell simulations. To handle multi-channel integration, we utilize a nonlearnable dendritic neuron model to simulate the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), which consolidates outputs across color channels, an essential function in biological multi-channel processing.
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