The Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) endstation at the SPECIES beamline at MAX IV Laboratory has been improved. The latest upgrades help in performing photo-assisted experiments under operando conditions in the mbar pressure range using gas and vapour mixtures whilst also reducing beam damage to the sample caused by X-ray irradiation. This article reports on endstation upgrades for APXPS and examples of scientific cases of in situ photocatalysis, photoreduction and photo-assisted atomic layer deposition (photo-ALD).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600577523002801 | DOI Listing |
Inorg Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.
A recent article ( 2024, 146, 7506-7514) details a pressure-temperature (-) phase diagram for the Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate LaNiO (LNO-2222) using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This study identifies a phase transition from (#63) to (#69) within the temperature range of 104-120 K under initial pressure and attributes the 4/ (#139) space group to the structure responsible for the superconductivity of LNO-2222. Herein, we examine the temperature-dependent structural evolution of LNO-2222 single crystals at ambient pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden.
Here, the Fermi level () shifts of several donor and acceptor materials in different atmospheres are systematically studied by following the work function (WF) changes with Kelvin probe measurements, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reversible shifts are found with the trend of higher WFs measured in ambient air and lower WFs measured in high vacuum compared to the WFs measured in ultrahigh vacuum. The shifts are energy level and morphology-dependent, and two mechanisms are proposed: (1) competition between p-doping induced by O and HO/O complexes and n-doping induced by HO; (2) polar HO molecules preferentially modifying the ionization energy of one of the frontier molecular orbitals over the other.
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January 2025
University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Proton conducting electrochemical cells (PCECs) are efficient and clean intermediate-temperature energy conversion devices. The proton concentration across the PCECs is often nonuniform, and characterizing the distribution of proton concentration can help to locate the position of rate-limiting reactions. However, the determination of the local proton concentration under operating conditions remains challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Understanding how TiO interacts with CO at the molecular level is crucial in the CO reduction toward value-added energy sources. Here, we report in situ observations of the CO activation process on the reduced TiO(110) surface at room temperature using ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that oxygen vacancies (V) diffuse dynamically along the bridging oxygen (O) rows of the TiO(110) surface under ambient CO(g) environments.
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January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
With the applications of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical - measurement, and ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-HAXPES), the characteristics of the topotactic phase transition of LaCoO (LCO) thin films are examined. XRD measurements show clear evidence of structural phase transition (SPT) of the LCO thin films from the perovskite (PV) LaCoO to the brownmillerite (BM) LaCoO phases through the intermediate LaCoO phase at a temperature of 350 °C under high-vacuum conditions, ∼10 mbar. The reverse SPT from BM to PV phases is also found under ambient pressure (>100 mbar) of air near 100 °C.
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