AI Article Synopsis

  • - POLAR-2 is a forthcoming space polarimeter designed to explore Gamma-Ray Bursts, with a planned launch in 2024 or 2025 from the China Space Station, developed collaboratively by institutions from various countries, including Switzerland and Germany.
  • - The study focuses on the radiation effects on two types of silicon photomultipliers used in POLAR-2, revealing performance degradation from radiation exposure, mimicking what they would experience in space environments.
  • - Key findings include increased dark current and dark counts in the photodetectors due to radiation, and an equivalent space exposure time for one type of detector being 62.9 years, indicating significant long-term challenges for the instrument's operation in space.

Article Abstract

POLAR-2 is a space-borne polarimeter, built to investigate the polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts and help elucidate their mechanisms. The instrument is targeted for launch in 2024 or 2025 aboard the China Space Station and is being developed by a collaboration between institutes from Switzerland, Germany, Poland and China. The instrument will orbit at altitudes between 340km and 450km with an inclination of and will be subjected to background radiation from cosmic rays and solar events. It is therefore pertinent to better understand the performance of sensitive devices under space-like conditions. In this paper we focus on the radiation damage of the silicon photomultiplier arrays S13361-6075NE-04 and S14161-6050HS-04 from Hamamatsu. The S13361 are irradiated with 58MeV protons at several doses up to 4.96Gy, whereas the newer series S14161 are irradiated at doses of 0.254Gy and 2.31Gy. Their respective performance degradation due to radiation damage are discussed. The equivalent exposure time in space for silicon photomultipliers inside POLAR-2 with a dose of 4.96Gy is 62.9years (or 1.78years when disregarding the shielding from the instrument). Primary characteristics of the I-V curves are an increase in the dark current and dark counts, mostly through cross-talk events. Annealing processes at were observed but not studied in further detail. Biasing channels while being irradiated have not resulted in any significant impact. Activation analyses showed a dominant contribution of particles around 511 keV. These resulted primarily from copper and carbon, mostly with decay times shorter than the orbital period.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10090016PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-022-09873-6DOI Listing

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