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A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.
Virus Evol
November 2024
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrigendum to "Comparison of in-office and at-home bleaching techniques: An umbrella review of efficacy and post-operative sensitivity" [Heliyon 10(3), 15 February 2024, e25833].
Heliyon
December 2024
Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFENDOSCOPIC SURGERY FOR TREATING SPINAL STENOSIS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS.
Acta Ortop Bras
January 2025
Hospital Geral de Carapicuiba, Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Carapicuiba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Background: Spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal which can generate clinical symptoms secondary to the spinal cord injury itself, or even root involvement. The traditional open surgical procedure to correct spinal stenosis is highly traumatic and risky, and with the development of surgical techniques, endoscopic procedures have been widely used in treating said stenosis, achieving good results with minimally invasive management.
Aim: To conduct a literature review regarding endoscopic techniques for correcting spinal stenosis.
Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini Performance and Implications in Turkish Dental Education.
Cureus
January 2025
Pedodontics, Istanbul Turkuaz Dental Clinic, Istanbul, TUR.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in education, particularly in specialized fields such as dentistry. This study evaluated the performance of four advanced AI models - ChatGPT-4o (San Francisco, CA: OpenAI), ChatGPT-o1, Gemini 1.5 Pro (Mountain View, CA: Google LLC), and Gemini 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiposomal doxorubicin (Dox), a treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer, often suffers from suboptimal biodistribution and efficacy, which might be addressed with precision drug delivery systems. Here, we introduce a catheter-based endoscopic probe designed for multispectral, quantitative monitoring of light-triggered drug release. This tool utilizes red-light photosensitive porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP), which is encapsulated in liposome bilayers to enhance targeted drug delivery.
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