AI Article Synopsis

  • * A tsunami simulation using various data sources revealed that the area's unique shallow seafloor acted as a wave trap, prolonging the tsunami's impact for over an hour.
  • * Despite the eruption's potential for greater destruction, Tonga's geographic location relative to urban areas helped minimize casualties, highlighting the ongoing risk of similar volcanic tsunamis in the future.

Article Abstract

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 generated catastrophic tsunami and contends for the largest natural explosion in more than a century. The main island, Tongatapu, suffered waves up to 17 m, and Tofua Island suffered waves up to 45 m, comfortably placing HTHH in the "megatsunami" league. We present a tsunami simulation of the Tongan Archipelago calibrated by field observations, drone, and satellite data. Our simulation emphasizes how the complex shallow bathymetry of the area acted as a low-velocity wave trap, capturing tsunami for more than 1 hour. Despite its size and long duration, few lives were lost. Simulation suggests that HTHH's location relative to urban centers saved Tonga from a worse outcome. Whereas 2022 seems to have been a lucky escape, other oceanic volcanoes have the capacity to spawn future tsunami at HTHH scale. Our simulation amplifies the state of understanding of volcanic explosion tsunami and provides a framework for assessment of future hazards.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10104470PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf5493DOI Listing

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