Spatial variability of source contributions to nitrate in regional groundwater based on the positive matrix factorization and Bayesian model.

J Hazard Mater

State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.

Published: March 2023

Groundwater nitrate (NO) pollution has attracted widespread attention; however, accurately evaluating the sources of NO and their contribution patterns in regional groundwater is difficult in areas with multiple sources and complex hydrogeological conditions. In this study, 161 groundwater samples were collected from the Poyang Lake Basin for hydrochemical and dual NO isotope analyses to explore the sources of NO and their spatial contribution using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Bayesian stable isotope mixing (MixSIAR) models. The results revealed that the enrichment of NO in groundwater was primarily attributed to sewage/manure (SM), which accounted for more than 50 %. The contributions of nitrogen fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen should also be considered. Groundwater NO sources showed obvious spatial differences in contributions. Regions with large contributions of SM (>90 %) were located in the southeastern part of the study area and downstream of Nanchang, which are areas with relatively high population density. Nitrogen fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen showed concentrated contributions in paddy soil in the lower reaches of the Gan and Rao Rivers, and these accumulations were mainly driven by the soil type, land use type, and topography. This study provides insight into groundwater NO contamination on a regional scale.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130569DOI Listing

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