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Microbial life in 25-m-deep boreholes in ancient permafrost illuminated by metagenomics. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates the microbial communities in northeastern Siberia's ancient permafrost, analyzing samples from various depths, ages, and salinities to understand their composition and potential metabolic adaptations.
  • Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, they found that biodiversity decreases significantly with permafrost age, categorizing the samples into three distinct groups based on age and ecological characteristics.
  • The analysis revealed that younger permafrost contained specific microbial groups, while older deposits showed a greater diversity of uncultured microorganisms, all capable of fermentation and nitrate utilization, but only older marine permafrost exhibited sulfur reduction capabilities.

Article Abstract

This study describes the composition and potential metabolic adaptation of microbial communities in northeastern Siberia, a repository of the oldest permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere. Samples of contrasting depth (1.75 to 25.1 m below surface), age (from ~ 10 kyr to 1.1 Myr) and salinity (from low 0.1-0.2 ppt and brackish 0.3-1.3 ppt to saline 6.1 ppt) were collected from freshwater permafrost (FP) of borehole AL1_15 on the Alazeya River, and coastal brackish permafrost (BP) overlying marine permafrost (MP) of borehole CH1_17 on the East Siberian Sea coast. To avoid the limited view provided with culturing work, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to show that the biodiversity decreased dramatically with permafrost age. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis placed the samples into three groups: FP and BP together (10-100 kyr old), MP (105-120 kyr old), and FP (> 900 kyr old). Younger FP/BP deposits were distinguished by the presence of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota_A, and Gemmatimonadota, older FP deposits had a higher proportion of Gammaproteobacteria, and older MP deposits had much more uncultured groups within Asgardarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexota, Patescibacteria, and unassigned archaea. The 60 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes and un-binned metagenomic assemblies suggested that despite the large taxonomic differences between samples, they all had a wide range of taxa capable of fermentation coupled to nitrate utilization, with the exception of sulfur reduction present only in old MP deposits.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103415PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-023-00487-9DOI Listing

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