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Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. | LitMetric

Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases.

Transl Neurodegener

Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.

Published: April 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • Redox homeostasis is the balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; when disrupted, it leads to oxidative stress, which damages cellular functions including DNA integrity.
  • DNA damage responses are crucial for repairing lesions but become less effective with age, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • The review highlights the emerging links between redox dysregulation and DNA damage in these diseases, emphasizing the potential for new therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining redox balance and enhancing DNA repair.

Article Abstract

Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10103468PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4DOI Listing

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