With the exponential discovery of new inborn errors of immunity (IEI), it is becoming increasingly difficult to differentiate between a number of the more recently defined disorders. This is compounded by the fact that although IEI primarily present with immunodeficiency, the spectrum of disease is broad and often extends to features typical of autoimmunity, autoinflammation, atopic disease, and/or malignancy. Here we use case studies to discuss the laboratory and genetic tests used that ultimately led to the specific diagnoses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.049 | DOI Listing |
Postgrad Med J
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara 06170, Turkey.
Metabolism is the name given to all of the chemical reactions in the cell involving thousands of proteins, including enzymes, receptors, and transporters. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are caused by defects in the production and breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules, ⁓19-25 nucleotides long, hairpin-shaped, produced from DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Immunol
January 2025
Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (RIPK1) is widely expressed and integral to inflammatory and cell death responses. Autosomal recessive RIPK1-deficiency, due to biallelic loss of function mutations in RIPK1, is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) resulting in uncontrolled necroptosis, apoptosis and inflammation. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been suggested as a potential curative therapy, the extent to which disease may be driven by extra-hematopoietic effects of RIPK1-deficiency, which are non-amenable to HSCT, is not clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is safe and effective for adolescents and adults with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) with severe disease manifestations of their disease. The haematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score predicts transplant survival in non-malignant diseases, including IEIs. We hypothesised that immune dysregulation pre-transplant may also influence transplant outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Genet
January 2025
Centralized Sequencing Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare heritable disorders of the immune system predisposing to atypical infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, and risk of malignancy. Adaptation is the process of incorporating stressful experiences into one's life; these experiences may include onset of illness, receiving a diagnosis, or suffering without a diagnosis. Poor adaptation is linked to adverse outcomes including psychiatric comorbidities and decreased well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAndes Pediatr
October 2024
Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Unlabelled: The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a non-pharmacological strategy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and inborn errors of metabolism (Glut-1 deficiency) management. KD is characterized by being restrictive, affecting micronutrient intake. There are different modalities of KD in which food intake and nutritional deficiencies vary.
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