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A novel rapalog shows improved safety vs. efficacy in a human organoid model of polycystic kidney disease.
Stem Cell Reports
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Plurexa LLC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address:
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a therapeutic target in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus have failed to show efficacy at tolerated doses in clinical trials. Here, we introduce AV457, a novel rapalog developed to reduce side effects, and assess its dose-dependent safety and efficacy versus everolimus in PKD1 and PKD2 human kidney organoids, which form cysts in a PKD-specific way. Both AV457 and everolimus reduce cyst growth over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurvival strategies of cancer cells: the role of macropinocytosis in nutrient acquisition, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic targeting.
Autophagy
January 2025
Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China.
Macropinocytosis is a nonselective form of endocytosis that allows cancer cells to largely take up the extracellular fluid and its contents, including nutrients, growth factors, etc. We first elaborate meticulously on the process of macropinocytosis. Only by thoroughly understanding this entire process can we devise targeted strategies against it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTSC complex decrease the expression of mTOR by regulated miR-199b-3p.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
The TSC complex formed by TSC1 and TSC2 is the most important upstream negative regulator of mTORC1. Genetic variations in either TSC1 or TSC2 cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) disease which is a rare autosomal dominant disorder resulting in impairment of multiple organ systems. In this study, besides a reported variation, c.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: In USA, six million individuals with Sub-Saharan ancestry carry two high-risk variants, which increase the risk for kidney diseases. Whether APOL1 high-risk variants are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is unclear and requires further investigation.
Methods: We characterized a mouse model to investigate the role of APOL1 in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
Novel mTORC2/HSPB4 Interaction: Role and Regulation of HSPB4 T148 Phosphorylation.
Cells
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
HSPB4 and HSPB5 (α-crystallins) have shown increasing promise as neuroprotective agents, demonstrating several anti-apoptotic and protective roles in disorders such as multiple sclerosis and diabetic retinopathy. HSPs are highly regulated by post-translational modification, including deamidation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation. Among them, T148 phosphorylation has been shown to regulate the structural and functional characteristics of HSPB4 and underlie, in part, its neuroprotective capacity.
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