Optical polymers are recognized for their high transparency, raised flexibility, low cost, and good film-forming ability; hence, they introduce a multitude of benefits in a wide range of devices, such as information storage, displays, optical communications, and filters. Among the optical properties, birefringence is an essential parameter in practical cases that demand the control of the state of polarization of light. This review is focused on describing some fundamental and applicative aspects concerning the optical birefringence of the polymer materials. First, elementary notions depicting the phenomenon of light double refraction in macromolecular media are provided. Furthermore, the most relevant optical techniques to determine birefringence are reviewed by highlighting the working principle and mathematical basis for computing this parameter. Then, a series of investigations of optically birefringent polymers are described, summarizing the most utilized approaches to induce light double refraction in such materials. The selected results are analyzed in relation to the pursued applications. In the end, the future of this scientific domain is briefly presented by establishing the research paths that need further exploration. Moreover, the novel directions that could be formulated and might contribute to certain considerable advancements in the materials employed in the modern optical technologies are mentioned.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072955 | DOI Listing |
JACS Au
December 2024
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, F-75005 Paris, France.
Metallogels built in a bottom-up approach by metal coordination and supramolecular interactions have important potential for the elaboration of smart materials. In this context, we present here the formation of supramolecular coordination polymers driven by the complexation of cobalt(II) or zinc(II) ions with polyoxometalate-based hybrids displaying two terpyridine ligands in a linear arrangement. Thanks to the electrostatic interactions between the polyoxometalate cores and metal nodes, the polymer chains self-assemble into fibers that physically cross-link to form gels above a critical concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLuminescence
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
This study investigates the optical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of polypropylene (PP) fibers enhanced with titanium dioxide (TiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Using a Mach-Zehnder interferometric system, we examined the refractive indices, birefringence, and opto-mechanical behavior of blank PP, PP/TiO, and PP/ZnO nanocomposite fibers under various conditions, including different polarization orientations and during cold drawing processes. The 2D Fourier transform algorithm is employed to analyze interferometric data, enabling precise measurements of refractive index profiles and birefringence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
June 2024
Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Optoelectronic and spinoptronic technologies benefit from flexible and tunable coherent light sources combining the best properties of nano- and material-engineering to achieve favorable properties such as chiral lasing and low threshold nonlinearities. In this work we demonstrate an electrically wavelength- and polarization-tunable room temperature polariton laser due to emerging photonic spin-orbit coupling. For this purpose, we design an optical cavity filled with both birefringent nematic liquid crystal and an inorganic perovskite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransverse modulation instability (MI) has been proved useful for reconstructing noisy images. However, the signal-noise resonances for high-frequency modes are always suppressed during the generation of instability, resulting in the blurring of output images. By controlling of photo-birefringence and isomerization of azobenzene-derivative polymer, we proposed an instability-driven reconstruction by re-growing high-frequency modes via localizing wave response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
November 2024
School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
With the increasing volume of synthetic fiber waste, interest in plastic reuse technologies has grown. To address this issue, physical and chemical recycling techniques for polyamide, a major component of textile waste, have been developed. This study investigates the remelting and reforming properties of four types of pristine and recycled polyamide 6, focusing on how the microstructural arrangement of recycled polyamides affects polymer fiber formation.
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