In recent years, spirocycles have been the focus of medicinal chemistry, and several drugs or drug candidates incorporating these "non-planar" chemical motifs have been developed. Herein, an unusual intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig -arylation of bicyclic hydrazines is described. This key reaction gives access to various spiro[indoline-2,3'-piperidine] derivatives after reductive cleavage of a nitrogen-nitrogen bond. Following this strategy, unprecedented spiro compounds can be obtained in up to 42% yields over 5 steps. Our approach widens the chemical space of spirocycles and may be useful to explore new avenues of research in drug discovery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ob00406f | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
June 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
In this paper, we report on a one-step catalyst-transfer macrocyclization (CTM) reaction, based on the Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, selectively affording only cyclic structures. This route offers a versatile and efficient approach to synthesize aza[1]paracyclophanes (APCs) featuring diverse functionalities and lumens. The method operates at mild reaction temperatures (40 °C) and short reaction times (∼2 h), delivering excellent isolated yields (>75% macrocycles) and up to 30% of a 6-membered cyclophane, all under nonhigh-dilution concentrations (35-350 mM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
June 2024
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
Axially chiral biaryls featuring a C-N axis are important functional molecules in diverse fields. The asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig reaction represents a powerful strategy for these targets. Previous studies, however, have been predominantly restricted to intramolecular atroposelective coupling, likely due to the steric and entropic effects in the reductive elimination of Pd(II) species with sterically congested aryl and nitrogen groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeilstein J Org Chem
January 2024
LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
A sequential strategy to access 10,11-dihydro-5-dibenzo[,][1,4]diazepinones (DBDAPs) is disclosed in this article through a palladium and copper-catalyzed amination (Buchwald-Hartwig (B-H) or Chan-Lam (C-L)) followed by a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aminocarbonylation with Mo(CO) as CO surrogate (to avoid toxic CO handling) of readily available -phenylenediamines and either 1,2-dibromobenzene or 2-bromophenylboronic acid. The 10,11-dihydro-5-dibenzo[,][1,4]diazepinone could be synthezised in good yield using a sequential catalytic procedure, using both C-L and B-H approaches. Gratifingly, the use of the C-L reaction was more impressive, and afforded the dibenzodiazepinones in good yields (up to 45%; 2 steps) and much milder conditions using copper as the catalyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
September 2023
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
ConspectusAtropisomers bearing a rotation-restricted axis are common structural units in natural products, chiral ligands, and drugs; thus, the prevalence of asymmetric synthesis has increased in recent decades. Research into atropisomers featuring an N-containing axis (N-X atropisomers) remains in its infancy compared with the well-developed C-C atropisomer analogue. Notably, N-X atropisomers could offer divergent scaffolds, which are extremely important in bioactive molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
June 2023
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
A new series of 4-1,3-benzothiazine dyes were prepared and fully characterized in an aqueous medium. Benzothiazine salts were synthesized either through the classical synthetic pathway using Buchwald-Hartwig amination or through economical and environmentally friendly electrochemical synthesis. The latest synthetic approach employs successful electrochemical intramolecular dehydrogenative cyclization of -benzylbenzenecarbothioamides to form 4-1,3-benzothiazines.
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