The phytase RipBL1 enables the assignment of a specific inositol phosphate isomer as a structural component of human kidney stones.

Inositol phosphates (InsPs) are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. However, since there are 63 possible different phosphate ester isomers, the analysis of InsPs is challenging. In particular, InsP, InsP and InsP already amass 41 different isomers, of which some occur as enantiomers. Profiling of these "lower" inositol phosphates in mammalian tissues requires powerful analytical methods and reference compounds. Here, we report an analysis of InsP and InsP with capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). Using this method, the bacterial effector RipBL1 was analyzed and found to degrade InsP to Ins(1,2,3)P, an understudied InsP isomer. This new reference molecule then aided us in the assignment of the isomeric identity of an InsP while profiling human samples: in urine and kidney stones, we describe for the first time the presence of defined and abundant InsP isomers, namely Ins(1,2,3)P, Ins(1,2,6)P and/or Ins(2,3,4)P.