Small molecule-induced cell fate transitions are characterized by low efficiency and slow kinetics. An optimized chemical reprogramming approach now facilitates the robust and rapid conversion of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, unlocking exciting avenues to study and manipulate human cell identity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.001 | DOI Listing |
J Psychiatr Res
January 2025
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical management of psychiatric disorders are currently lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid membrane-encapsulated vesicles released by cells, hold promise as a source of biomarkers due to their ability to carry molecules that reflect the status of their donor cells and their ubiquitous presence in biofluids. This review examines the literature on EVs in biofluids from psychiatric disorder patients, and discuss how the published studies contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions and to the discovery of potential biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
January 2025
College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates gene expression through two primary mechanisms: as a growth factor in the nucleus, where it translocates upon binding its ligand, or via its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the cytosol, where it modulates key signaling pathways such as RAS/MYC, PI3K, PLCγ, and STAT3. During tumorigenesis, these pathways become deregulated, leading to uncontrolled proliferation, enhanced migratory and metastatic capabilities, evasion of programmed cell death, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The and oncogenes are pivotal in tumorigenesis, driving processes such as resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, cellular invasion and metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics
January 2025
Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411 007, Maharashtra, India. Electronic address:
Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Plutella xylostella L.) is a specialist insect of the Brassicaceae family, damaging economically important crops, such as cabbage and cauliflower. Glucosinolates, also known as 'mustard oil bombs' are present in all Brassicaceae members, of which sinigrin (allyl-glucosinolate or 2-propenyl-glucosinolate) is a major aliphatic compound.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
Platelets play crucial roles in multiple pathophysiological processes after energy-dependent activation. It is puzzling how such a small cellular debris has abundant energy supply. In this study, it is shown that insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), a type II transmembrane protein, is a key regulator for platelet activation by promoting energy regeneration during septic thrombosis.
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