Atomically precise gold clusters play an important role in the development of high--element-based radiosensitizers, due to their intriguing structural diversity and advantages in correlating structures and properties. However, the synthesis of gold clusters with both water-solubility and single-crystal structure remains a challenge. In this study, atomically precise Au(S-TPP) clusters (TPP-SNa = sodium 3-(triphenylphosphonio)propane-1-thiolate bromide) showing both mitochondria-targeting ability and water-solubility were obtained via ligand design for enhanced radioimmunotherapy. Compared with Au(SG) clusters (SG = glutathione), Au(S-TPP) exhibited higher radiosensitization efficiency due to its mitochondria-targeting ability, higher ROS production capacity, and obvious inhibition upon thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). In addition, the enhanced radiotherapy-triggered abscopal effect in combination with checkpoint blockade displayed effective growth inhibition of distant tumors. This work reveals the ligand-regulated organelle targeting ability of metal clusters by which feasible strategies to promote their application in precise theranostics could be realized.
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