Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; an alphaherpesvirus) is a respiratory pathogen of chickens and causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry globally, in addition to severe animal health and welfare concerns. To date, studying the role of ILTV genes in viral infection, replication or pathogenesis has largely been limited to genes that can be deleted from the ILTV genome and the resultant deletion mutants characterized or . However, this approach is not suitable for the study of essential genes. This study trialled two different codon deoptimization techniques that aimed to separately disrupt and downregulate the expression of two ILTV genes, ICP8 and UL12, which are essential or very important in viral replication. The target genes were partially recoded using codon usage deoptimization (CUD) and codon pair bias deoptimization (CPBD) approaches and characterized . Viruses deoptimized via CPBD showed decreased protein expression as assessed by Western blotting and/or fluorescence microscopy to measure the intensity of the fluorescent marker fused to the target protein. Viruses deoptimized by CUD showed less consistent results, with some mutants that could not be generated or isolated. The results indicate that CPBD is an attractive and viable tool for the study of essential or critically important genes in ILTV. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that utilizes CPBD and CUD techniques for the study of ILTV genes.
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Host-virus interactions during infection with a wild-type ILTV strain or a glycoprotein G deletion mutant ILTV vaccine strain in an system.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of a live-attenuated glycoprotein G (gG) deletion mutant vaccine strain of ILTV (∆gG-ILTV). In the current study, transcriptional profiles of chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOCs), 24 h post inoculation with ∆gG-ILTV or the gG-expressing parent wild-type strain, CSW-1 ILTV were explored and compared with the mock-infected TOCs using RNA-seq analysis. Transcriptomes of the vaccine and wild-type ILTV were also compared with each other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus vaccine expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus multiple epitopes.
Poult Sci
November 2024
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, PR China. Electronic address:
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious disease, usually controlled by vaccination with live attenuated vaccines. However, the latent infection and adverse reactions caused by the live attenuated vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) have limited its use in poultry. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is considered a potential vector for vaccine development, but the issue of poor stability in recombinant IBV expressing foreign genes has not yet been resolved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCo-Regulation Mechanism of Host p53 and Fos in Transcriptional Activation of ILTV Immediate-Early Gene .
Microorganisms
October 2024
Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) exhibits a cascade expression pattern of encoded genes, and is the only immediate-early gene of ILTV, which plays a crucial role in initiating the subsequent viral genes. Therefore, studying the transcriptional regulation mechanism of holds promise for effectively blocking ILTV infection and spread. Host transcriptional factors p53 and Fos are proven to regulate a variety of viral infections, and our previous studies have demonstrated their synergistic effects in regulating ILTV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates from commercial chicken flocks in Turkey.
Arch Virol
October 2024
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Article Synopsis
- Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting poultry, and live-attenuated vaccines used to control it can potentially revert to virulent forms.
- This study genotyped and analyzed eight ILTV isolates from chicken flocks in Turkey between 2019 and 2022, focusing on specific gene regions to assess their similarities and virulence.
- The findings showed that these isolates were closely related and had low virulence, indicating they were endemic and evolved locally from field sources in Turkey.
Transcriptomic analyses of host-virus interactions during in vitro infection with wild-type and glycoprotein g-deficient (ΔgG) strains of ILTV in primary and continuous cell cultures.
PLoS One
October 2024
Faculty of Science, Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a major issue for the poultry industry, caused by the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), leading to animal welfare concerns and economic losses.
- This study compared the interactions between a glycoprotein G deletion mutant vaccine strain of ILTV and its wild-type strain in chicken cell cultures, revealing distinct gene expression patterns in different cell types.
- Results indicated that the type of chicken cells used had a bigger impact on host and viral gene transcription than the presence or absence of the gG gene, emphasizing the need for careful cell-line choice in future research on these virus interactions.
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