Turning universal O into rare Bombay type blood.

Red blood cell antigens play critical roles in blood transfusion since donor incompatibilities can be lethal. Recipients with the rare total deficiency in H antigen, the O Bombay phenotype, can only be transfused with group O blood to avoid serious transfusion reactions. We discover FucOB from the mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila as an α-1,2-fucosidase able to hydrolyze Type I, Type II, Type III and Type V H antigens to obtain the afucosylated Bombay phenotype in vitro. X-ray crystal structures of FucOB show a three-domain architecture, including a GH95 glycoside hydrolase. The structural data together with site-directed mutagenesis, enzymatic activity and computational methods provide molecular insights into substrate specificity and catalysis. Furthermore, using agglutination tests and flow cytometry-based techniques, we demonstrate the ability of FucOB to convert universal O type into rare Bombay type blood, providing exciting possibilities to facilitate transfusion in recipients/patients with Bombay phenotype.