Importance of caregivers' subjective social status and neighbourhood disadvantage for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes from low-income populations are more likely to have difficulty in managing their diabetes and ultimately have poorer glycaemic outcomes, but less is known about neighbourhood-level factors or subjective social status (SSS) as risk/protective factors. We examined associations between multiple indicators of socio-economic status with diabetes outcomes.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight adolescents ages 13-17 (58% female, 58% White, non-Hispanic) experiencing moderate diabetes distress completed measures of diabetes management and diabetes distress, and their caregivers reported on SSS. Glycaemic indicators were extracted from medical records, and participants' addresses were used to determine area deprivation index (ADI).

Results: Higher levels of neighbourhood disadvantage were significantly associated with higher haemoglobin A levels and average glucose levels, but caregivers' SSS was more strongly associated with all glycaemic indicators, diabetes management and diabetes distress.

Conclusions: Given strong associations between caregivers' SSS and glycaemic control, diabetes management, and diabetes distress, screening for caregivers' SSS may identify adolescents who would benefit from additional support.