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The feasibility of the adult age estimation 3D-CBCT method on ancient human remains.
J Forensic Odontostomatol
December 2024
Laboratory of Personal Identification and Forensic Morphology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
The age estimation of skeletal remains still represents a central issue not only for the reconstruction of the so-called "biological profile," but mostly for the palaeodemographic investigation. This research aims at verifying the feasibility of the adult age estimation method developed on living people by Pinchi et al. (2015 and 2018), for estimating the age at the death of 37 subjects from ancient populations found in two different Italian necropolis of archaeological interest (Mont'e Prama and Florence, X-IX century B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe conflict between oral health and patient autonomy in dentistry: a scoping review.
BMC Med Ethics
December 2024
Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Article Synopsis
- Respecting patient autonomy is essential in medicine, but can clash with the principles of beneficence (doing good) and nonmaleficence (doing no harm), especially in complex cases like oral health care.
- The study analyzed scholarly articles to understand how this ethical conflict arises and how it has been addressed in clinical scenarios, particularly in maxillofacial treatments.
- The results showed that while most recommendations leaned towards prioritizing medical benefits for the patient, there were also instances where patient autonomy was upheld, particularly for preventive care or low-impact interventions.
Life and death in Trypillia times: Interdisciplinary analyses of the unique human remains from the settlement of Kosenivka, Ukraine (3700-3600 BCE).
PLoS One
December 2024
Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
We present an interdisciplinary analysis of finds from the Trypillia settlement of Kosenivka, Ukraine (ca. 3700-3600 BCE, Trypillia C1-2), that links information on human, faunal, and botanical remains with archaeological data to provide exceptionally detailed insights into life and death at a giant Trypillia settlement. We obtained osteological, palaeopathological, morphological and histotaphonomic data from human bone fragments; performed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis of human and animal bone to calculate food webs; modelled newly generated radiocarbon dates to refine the site's chronology; and contextualised the finds within the phenomenon of a general lack of human remains in Early and Middle Trypillia times through a literature review.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication and implications of radiocarbon dating in forensic case work: when medico-legal significance meets archaeological relevance.
Forensic Sci Res
September 2024
Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra Ed. São Bento, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal.
Article Synopsis
- Radiocarbon analysis is vital in forensic anthropology for determining the postmortem interval of skeletal remains and establishing medico-legal significance.
- Three case studies from Northern France demonstrate the effectiveness of radiocarbon dating, with varying degrees of forensic relevance and identity confirmation.
- The findings emphasize the importance of radiocarbon dating methods, like traditional and bomb-pulse dating, benefiting both archaeological research and forensic investigations.
Human identification through forensic skeletal analysis: three case reviews.
Forensic Sci Res
September 2024
Department of Applied Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst University, PA, USA.
Unlabelled: Establishing a positive identification of human remains found in a forensic setting is often accomplished through DNA, fingerprints, or odontology. However, when these primary identifiers cannot be applied, practitioners can rely on combining points of concordance derived from other identification modalities such as antemortem trauma, pathology, or unique skeletal morphologies to build up a case for identification. In order to conduct these comparisons, forensic anthropologists must be well trained and experienced in human skeletal variation and antemortem trauma to properly evaluate a particular skeletal trait and understand its value with respect to personal identification.
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