Associations between dietary selenium status and the clinical outcome of many viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, are well established. Multiple independent studies have documented a significant inverse correlation between selenium status and the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. At the molecular level, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to decrease the expression of certain selenoproteins, both in vitro and in COVID-19 patients. Using computational methods, our group previously identified a set of six host proteins that contain potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M) cleavage sites. Here we show experimentally that M can cleave four of the six predicted target sites, including those from three selenoproteins: thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), selenoprotein F, and selenoprotein P, as well as the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). Cleavage was assessed by incubating recombinant SARS-CoV-2 M with synthetic peptides spanning the proposed cleavage sites, and analyzing the products via UPLC-MS. Furthermore, upon incubation of a recombinant Sec498Ser mutant of the full TXNRD1 protein with SARS-CoV-2 M, the predicted cleavage was observed, destroying the TXNRD1 C-terminal redox center. Mechanistically, proteolytic knockdown of both TXNRD1 and GCLC is consistent with a viral strategy to inhibit DNA synthesis, conserving the pool of ribonucleotides for increased virion production. Viral infectivity could also be enhanced by GCLC knockdown, given the ability of glutathione to disrupt the structure of the viral spike protein via disulfide bond reduction. These findings shed new light on the importance of dietary factors like selenium and glutathione in COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030559 | DOI Listing |
J Gen Intern Med
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are ongoing, relapsing, or new symptoms present at least 3 months after infection. Predictors of PASC, particularly across diverse racial and ethnic groups, remain unclear.
Objectives: Assess the prevalence of PASC 1 year after infection, examining differences in PASC prevalence by the social construct of race.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nahdi Care Clinics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Although COVID-19 vaccines have been recommended for children and adolescents since 2021, suboptimal vaccination uptake has been documented. No previous systematic review/meta-analysis (SRMA) investigated parents' willingness to administer COVID-19 vaccines for their children in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, this SRMA aimed to estimate parents' willingness to immunize their children with COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia and to identify reasons and determinants influencing parents' decisions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Intern Med
January 2025
Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.
Importance: SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contribute to many hospitalizations and deaths each year. Understanding relative disease severity can help to inform vaccination guidance.
Objective: To compare disease severity of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV among US veterans.
Emerg Microbes Infect
January 2025
Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Viremia defined as detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood is a potential marker of disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Here, we determined the frequency of viremia in serum of two independent COVID-19 patient cohorts within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (German: tionales andemie horten etzwerk, NAPKON) with diagnostic RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional cohort with 1,122 COVID-19 patients (German: , SUEP) and 299 patients recruited in a high-resolution platform with patients at high risk to develop severe courses (German: , HAP) were tested for viremia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNurs Open
January 2025
Department of Nursing, Haliç University Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
Aim: This study examined the experiences of nursing students who attended hospital clinicals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design: Study was conducted in a descriptive design.
Methods: A total of 21 nursing students from the second, third and fourth grades who attended hospital clinics in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year and volunteered to participate in the study were included in the study.
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