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Supernumerary Muscles in the Leg and Foot: A Review of Their Types, Frequency, and Clinical Implications.
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc
January 2025
*Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine, Pomona, CA.
Variations of the ankle anatomy are infrequent and exist as supernumerary muscles and tendons. Often understudied and overlooked, their presence can cause many complications of the lower extremity. These muscles, although often asymptomatic, can cause great pain and complications such as tenosynovitis, tarsal tunnel syndrome, lateral ankle instability, and ankle pain when they impinge on the normal anatomy of the patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeroneus brevis split tear - A challenging diagnosis: A pictorial review of magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging. Part 1. Anatomical basis and clinical insights.
Eur J Radiol Open
June 2025
Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Diagnosing peroneus brevis split tears is a significant challenge, as many cases are missed both clinically and on imaging. Anatomical variations within the superior peroneal tunnel can contribute to peroneus brevis split tears or instability of the peroneal tendons. However, determining which anatomical variations predispose patients to these injuries remains challenging due to conflicting data in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedial collateral ligament ganglion cyst: a rare cause of medial knee pain.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Ganglion cysts are commonly found in areas of constant mechanical stress such as the joints and tendons of the wrist or hand as well as the anterior aspect of the ankle. In the knee, parameniscal cysts are often encountered secondary to meniscal tears or articular degeneration. Intra-articular ganglion cysts are uncommon and often arise from the cruciate ligaments and are found in the intercondylar notch.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat does the patients' perception of alignment tell us about alignment targets in total knee arthroplasty?
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg
January 2025
Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.
Introduction: Knee alignment significantly impacts the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Understanding patient perceptions of their knee alignment in relation to objective measurements is essential to ensure optimal surgical outcomes and to meet patients' expectations. This study reports patients' perception of pre- and postoperative knee alignment in relation to radiographic alignment measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFType B ankle fractures with additional medium-sized posterior fragment: mid-term functional and radiological outcome after fixation versus no fixation of the posterior fragment.
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Purpose: Guidelines for treatment of medium-sized posterior fragments in trimalleolar fractures are scarce and show varying advice. Recent trials comparing fixation and no fixation of posterior fragments, show no difference in outcomes one year postoperatively. This study compares functional outcome and development of osteoarthritis in patients with fixation of a posterior malleolar fracture to patients without fixation of the posterior malleolus fracture.
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