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Synaptic transmission relies on presynaptic neurotransmitter (NT) release from synaptic vesicles (SVs) and on NT detection by postsynaptic receptors. Transmission exists in two principal modes: action-potential (AP) evoked and AP-independent, "spontaneous" transmission. AP-evoked neurotransmission is considered the primary mode of inter-neuronal communication, whereas spontaneous transmission is required for neuronal development, homeostasis, and plasticity. While some synapses appear dedicated to spontaneous transmission only, all AP-responsive synapses also engage spontaneously, but whether this encodes functional information regarding their excitability is unknown. Here we report on functional interdependence of both transmission modes at individual synaptic contacts of larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) which were identified by the presynaptic scaffolding protein Bruchpilot (BRP) and whose activities were quantified using the genetically encoded Ca indicator GCaMP. Consistent with the role of BRP in organizing the AP-dependent release machinery (voltage-dependent Ca channels and SV fusion machinery), most active BRP-positive synapses (>85%) responded to APs. At these synapses, the level of spontaneous activity was a predictor for their responsiveness to AP-stimulation. AP-stimulation resulted in cross-depletion of spontaneous activity and both transmission modes were affected by the non-specific Ca channel blocker cadmium and engaged overlapping postsynaptic receptors. Thus, by using overlapping machinery, spontaneous transmission is a continuous, stimulus independent predictor for the AP-responsiveness of individual synapses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2023.1129417 | DOI Listing |
Elife
December 2024
Experimental Otology Group, InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
To encode continuous sound stimuli, the inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses utilize calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs), which reduce the inactivation of their Ca1.3 calcium channels. Mutations in the gene underlie non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss DFNB93.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, P. R. China.
A strategically designed ternary nanohybrid (TNS-PDA/CNT), consisting of titanate nanosheet (TNS) and polydopamine-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (PDA/CNT composite), was synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method and wet impregnation method for removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution and were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TNSs were introduced into the PDA/CNT composite, which effectively averted the agglomeration of the CNT and further exposed more adsorption sites. PDA thin layer exposing more active sites was conducive to enhance adsorption capacity and kinetic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neuropathol Commun
December 2024
Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Misfolding of normal prion protein (PrP) to pathological isoforms (prions) causes prion diseases (PrDs) with clinical manifestations including cognitive decline and mood-related behavioral changes. Cognition and mood are linked to the neurophysiology of the limbic system. Little is known about how the disease affects the synaptic activity in brain parts associated with this system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTanaffos
January 2024
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Background: Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 and the prevention and control of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women, including vertical transmission, this study was performed to describe the fetal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy with a spectrum of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy in Iran.
Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the medical records of 258 pregnant women admitted to the Forghani Hospital, Qom, Iran, from 18 February 2020, to May 10, 2021. PCR-RT or respiratory compromise in the presence of marked radiographic changes of COVID-19 in the lungs, or both COVID-19 disease confirmed COVID-19 disease.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
September 2024
Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China Hubei Shizhen Labortary Wuhan 430065, China.
This study aims to investigate the effect of Anmeidan on hippocampal neurons and synaptic microenvironments in sleep-deprived rats. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, Anmeidan, and melatonin groups, with 15 rats in one group. The study used the multi-platform method to prepare the sleep deprivation model.
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