Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of MLS resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with respect to their association with transposons.
Methods: The present study was performed with clinical isolates of S. aureus. The MLS resistant phenotypes in the obtained isolates were determined by D zone test or double disc diffusion test as per CLSI 2020 guidelines. MLS resistance encoding genes were detected by PCR. The genes tested were ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, mphC, vga, vgb and lnuB. The MLS resistant Staphylococcal isolates were selected to analyze the association of the genes with mobile genetic elements Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 by PCR based method. Primer pairs were designed using sequences from transposons and the resistance genes, respectively.
Results: During this study, 268 isolates of S. aureus were obtained of which 233 (86.94%) isolates exhibited different MLS resistant phenotypes. The predominant gene among the MLS resistant isolates was msrA followed by vgaA and mphC genes. PCR assay was employed to determine whether the genes msrA, mphC and vgaA were carried by Tn554, Tn5406, Tn917, Tn6133, Tn551 transposons. PCR amplification with the designed primer pairs revealed vgaA gene being part of Tn5406.
Conclusion: The presence of Tn5406 in all the vgaA harboring isolates highlights its potential of spread across isolates. Moreover, the co-existence of different MLS resistance encoding genes observed in the study shows that the combination of genes involved in different mechanism mediated the nature of MLS resistance.
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