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Nano-scale characterization of iron-carbohydrate complexes by cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy: Building the bridge to biorelevant characterization.
Heliyon
September 2024
CSL Vifor, Flughofstrasse 61, CH-8152, Glattbrugg, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- Iron deficiency and anemia are major global health issues, and intravenous iron carbohydrate nanoparticles are vital for effective treatment.
- Our study used advanced cryogenic Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-STEM) to analyze the physical structure of these nanoparticles, revealing they typically have iron cores about 2 nm in size and distinct cluster-like shapes in various products.
- By employing this sophisticated imaging technique, we not only preserved the specimens' structural integrity but also contributed insights that could enhance understanding of how these nanoparticles function, including the development of a machine learning tool for better image analysis.
Intravenous iron therapy results in rapid and sustained rise in myocardial iron content through a novel pathway.
Eur Heart J
November 2024
Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
Background And Aims: Intravenous iron therapies contain iron-carbohydrate complexes, designed to ensure iron becomes bioavailable via the intermediary of spleen and liver reticuloendothelial macrophages. How other tissues obtain and handle this iron remains unknown. This study addresses this question in the context of the heart.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIron-carbohydrate complexes treating iron anaemia: Understanding the nano-structure and interactions with proteins through orthogonal characterisation.
J Control Release
April 2024
Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Intravenous (IV) iron-carbohydrate complexes are widely used nanoparticles (NPs) to treat iron deficiency anaemia, often associated with medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure and various inflammatory conditions. Even though a plethora of physicochemical characterisation data and clinical studies are available for these products, evidence-based correlation between physicochemical properties of iron-carbohydrate complexes and clinical outcome has not fully been elucidated yet. Studies on other metal oxide NPs suggest that early interactions between NPs and blood upon IV injection are key to understanding how differences in physicochemical characteristics of iron-carbohydrate complexes cause variance in clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamic Light Scattering Analysis for the Determination of the Particle Size of Iron-Carbohydrate Complexes.
J Vis Exp
July 2023
Vifor Pharma Group, Vifor Pharma Management Ltd.
Intravenously administered iron-carbohydrate nanoparticle complexes are widely used to treat iron deficiency. This class includes several structurally heterogeneous nanoparticle complexes, which exhibit varying sensitivity to the conditions required for the methodologies available to physicochemically characterize these agents. Currently, the critical quality attributes of iron-carbohydrate complexes have not been fully established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCritical nanomaterial attributes of iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles: Leveraging orthogonal methods to resolve the 3-dimensional structure.
Eur J Pharm Sci
September 2023
Center for X-ray Analytics, Materials meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
Intravenous iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines are widely used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia across a wide breadth of patient populations. These colloidal solutions of nanoparticles are complex drugs which inherently makes physicochemical characterization more challenging than small molecule drugs. There have been advancements in physicochemical characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurement, that have provided a better understanding of the physical structure of these drug products in vitro.
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