Objectives: COVID-19 vaccines in the United States were made available to the general public aged 16 years and older in April 2021, but uptake in the months following was variable. We aimed to investigate this variability as a function of interpersonal factors, namely perceived social circle vaccine acceptance and proximity to illness, controlling for intrapersonal factors more often associated with vaccine behavior.
Method: Data come from the Understanding Coronavirus in America tracking survey (February 2021-July 2021). We estimated the probability of vaccination among those who were unvaccinated as of April 14, 2021 ( = 2,199), the day before the announcement of general public eligibility. Stratified modeling by race accounted for subgroup differences.
Results: People who perceived social circle vaccine acceptance (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.37, < .001), higher risk of infection (HR = 1.20, < .001), greater trust in the vaccine (HR = 1.42, < .001), and lower risk of vaccine side effects (HR = 0.77, < .001) were more likely to get vaccinated. Perceptions of social circle vaccine acceptance were associated with vaccine initiation for all racial subgroups except Black respondents, for whom concerns about vaccine side effects were central.
Conclusions: Perceived social circle vaccine acceptance was associated with time to the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. With public uncertainty about this new vaccine, people may have relied on perceptions of peers' vaccination intentions when deciding on their own vaccination. We discuss strategies for promoting vaccine uptake by intervening on perceptions of social norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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