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Differential Laminar Activation Dissociates Encoding and Retrieval in the Human Medial and Lateral Entorhinal Cortex. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The medial temporal lobe's hierarchical structure is crucial for episodic memory, with distinct information processing pathways identified in both medial and lateral entorhinal cortex.
  • A new high-resolution T2-prepared functional MRI technique allowed researchers to effectively study layer-specific brain activity during memory tasks, revealing different activation patterns in the superficial and deep layers of the entorhinal cortex related to memory encoding and retrieval.
  • This research not only demonstrates how these layers function differently in normal cognition but also sets the stage for future studies on memory impairment by exploring region-specific alterations in the entorhinal cortex.

Article Abstract

The hierarchically organized structures of the medial temporal lobe are critically important for episodic memory function. Accumulating evidence suggests dissociable information processing pathways are maintained throughout these structures including in the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. Cortical layers provide an additional dimension of dissociation as the primary input to the hippocampus derives from layer 2 neurons in the entorhinal cortex, whereas the deeper layers primarily receive output from the hippocampus. Here, novel high-resolution T2-prepared functional MRI methods were successfully used to mitigate susceptibility artifacts typically affecting MRI signals in this region providing uniform sensitivity across the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. During the performance of a memory task, healthy human subjects (age 25-33 years, mean age 28.2 ± 3.3 years, 4 female) showed differential functional activation in the superficial and deep layers of the entorhinal cortex associated with task-related encoding and retrieval conditions, respectively. The methods provided here offer an approach to probe layer-specific activation in normal cognition and conditions contributing to memory impairment. This study provides new evidence for differential neuronal activation in the superficial versus deep layers of the entorhinal cortex associated with encoding and retrieval memory processes, respectively, in cognitively normal adults. The study further shows that this dissociation can be observed in both the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortex. The study was achieved by using a novel functional MRI method allowing us to measure robust functional MRI signals in both the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex that was not possible in previous studies. The methodology established here in healthy human subjects lays a solid foundation for subsequent studies investigating layer-specific and region-specific changes in the entorhinal cortex associated with memory impairment in various conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10124959PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1488-22.2023DOI Listing

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