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Throughout training and deployment, some military service members are frequently exposed to shock waves due to blasts, and some complain of myriad neurological symptoms. In rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) causes deficits in some electrophysiological measures, like long term potentiation, a neuronal correlate for learning and memory. In this study, we further characterized the alterations in the hippocampal network of OHSCs following a single moderate blast exposure. Connectivity and clustering coefficients were reduced across the hippocampal network following bTBI, despite the lack of changes in the firing rate, spike amplitude, spike duration, or inter-spike interval. However, interrogation with the GABA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, revealed additional significant differences between injured and control slices in measures of spike amplitude, spike duration, connectivity, and clustering. bTBI also significantly reduced expression of the α1 and α5 GABA receptor subunits. Treatment with the FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) restored the α1 subunit and attenuated deficits in network measures, like connectivity and clustering coefficients. These findings suggest that GABA receptors may be implicated in neuronal network changes in OHSCs following bTBI, and their recovery may be a viable therapeutic intervention to mitigate injury-induced neurological symptoms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114388 | DOI Listing |
Brain
December 2024
School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
Convergent data, across species, paint a compelling picture of the critical role of the gut and its resident microbiota in several brain functions and disorders. The chemicals mediating communication along these sophisticated highways of the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis include both microbiota metabolites and classical neurotransmitters. Amongst the latter, GABA is fundamental to brain function where it mediates the majority of neuronal inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife Sci
December 2024
Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India. Electronic address:
Aims: Hyperammonaemia (HA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased ammonia levels in the blood and is associated with severe neurological impairments. Some previous findings have shown the involvement of the nitric oxide pathway in HA-induced neurological impairments. The current study explored the impact of tadalafil on neurological impairments induced by HA in a zebrafish larval model due to its reported indirect interactions with the nitric oxide pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neurobiol
December 2024
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
Neurotransmitter receptors are key molecules in signal transmission in the adult brain, and their precise spatial and temporal balance expressions also play a critical role in normal brain development. However, the specific balance expression of multiple receptors during hippocampal development is not well characterized. In this study, we used quantitative in vivo receptor autoradiography to measure the distributions and densities of 18 neurotransmitter receptor types in the mouse hippocampal complex at postnatal day 7, and compared them with the expressions of their corresponding encoding genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Applied Mathematics, and Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a paediatric generalized epilepsy disorder with a confounding feature of resolving in adolescence in a majority of cases. In this study, we modelled how the small-scale (synapse-level) effect of progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone induces a large-scale (network-level) effect on a thalamocortical circuit associated with this disorder. In particular, our goal was to understand the role of sex steroid hormones in the spontaneous remission of CAE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ethnopharmacol
December 2024
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address:
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chai Shao Jie Yu Granules (CSJY) is a renowned and time-honored formula employed in clinical practice for the management of various conditions, notably depression. Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder, poses challenges with limited effective treatment options. Traditional herbal medicines have garnered increasing attention in the realm of combating depression, being perceived as safer alternatives to pharmacotherapy.
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