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Neighborhood Opportunity and Mortality Among Children and Adults in Their Households. | LitMetric

Neighborhood Opportunity and Mortality Among Children and Adults in Their Households.

Pediatrics

The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Child, Youth and Family Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham Massachusetts.

Published: April 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • Research indicates a connection between the neighborhood opportunity and health outcomes, specifically focusing on children's mortality risk and their caregivers over an 11-year period.
  • A study involving over 1 million children found that those living in low opportunity neighborhoods had significantly higher mortality risks, both for themselves and for their caregivers.
  • The findings highlight the negative effects of neighborhood inequalities on child well-being and suggest that addressing these disparities through targeted policies could improve health outcomes for children and their families.

Article Abstract

Background And Objectives: Research has linked neighborhood opportunity to health outcomes in children and adults; however, few studies have examined neighborhood opportunity and mortality risk among children and their caregivers. The objective of this study was to assess associations of neighborhood opportunity and mortality risk in children and their caregivers over 11 years.

Methods: Participants included 1 025 000 children drawn from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study, a cohort developed by linking the 2008 American Community Survey to the National Death Index and followed for 11 years. Neighborhood opportunity was measured using the Child Opportunity Index, a measure designed to capture compounding inequities in access to opportunities for health.

Results: Using hazard models, we observed inverse associations between Child Opportunity Index quintile and deaths among child and caregivers. Children in very low opportunity neighborhoods at baseline had 1.30 times the risk of dying over follow-up relative to those in very high opportunity neighborhoods (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.45), and this excess risk attenuated after adjustment for household characteristics (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.98-1.34). Similarly, children in very low opportunity neighborhoods had 1.57 times the risk of experiencing the death of a caregiver relative to those in very high opportunity neighborhoods (95% CI, 1.50-1.64), which remained after adjustment (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.23-1.38).

Conclusions: Our analyses advance understanding of the adverse consequences of inequitable neighborhood contexts for child well-being and underscore the potential importance of place-based policies for reducing disparities in child and caregiver mortality.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624946PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-058316DOI Listing

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