Understanding the influence of emerging fluorinated motifs is of a crucial importance in the context of the exponentially growing exploitation of fluorine in many fields. Herein, we report on the dramatic effect of a local partial charge inversion by replacing a CHCH group by a CFCF. This strategy allows the diastereoselective reduction of 5-membered ring oxocarbenium ions to access highly substituted tetrahydrofurans.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc06521e | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States.
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of C-2-acyloxy furanosyl acetals can be highly diastereoselective. We here show that the presence of a less electron-donating -nitrobenzoyloxy group at C-2 of a furanosyl acetal can be of use to control the 1,2- stereoselectivity of acetal substitution reactions with higher stereoselectivity than the analogue with the more electron-donating benzoyloxy group, just as what was observed in the pyranosyl system. Computational results support a reaction manifold involving both open oxocarbenium ions and -dioxolenium ions to provide the 1,2- and 1,2- products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
The photoacid-catalyzed synthesis of 2-deoxy glycosides is presented using stable glycosyl -[1-(-MeO-Phenyl)vinyl]benzoate (PMPVB) donors and employing the eosin Y and diphenyl disulfide (PhSSPh) catalytic system in the presence of blue LED lights. The remote activation of the alkene functionality under the photoacid catalysis followed by a 5-- cyclization led to the generation of oxocarbenium ions that were trapped to provide the glycosylated products in excellent yields and decent selectivities under mild conditions. This method is also useful for the photoacid-catalyzed synthesis of -methoxybenzyl-alkyl ethers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
November 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019-5251, USA.
Traditional glycosylation methods using thioglycosides often require harsh conditions or expensive metal catalysts. This study presents a more sustainable alternative by employing copper, an earth-abundant catalyst. We developed diazo-based thioglycoside donors that, through copper catalysis, undergo intramolecular activation to form glycosyl sulfonium ions, leading to the generation of oxocarbenium ions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China.
A catalytic protocol for the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of γ- or δ-hydroxy ketones to rapidly assemble various aliphatic enantioenriched tetrahydrofurans (THFs) or tetrahydropyrans (THPs) is disclosed. A wide range of enantioenriched THFs or THPs were obtained in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% and up to 96.5:3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
November 2024
Organic Synthesis team, IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285 Université de Poitiers, Bat B27 - TSA 51106, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.
The hydrolysis of glycosides is a biochemical transformation that occurs in all living organisms, catalyzed by a broad group of enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases. These enzymes cleave the glycosidic bond via a transition state with substantial oxocarbenium ion character, resulting in short-lived oxocarbenium ion-like species. While such transient species have been inferred through theoretical studies and kinetic isotope effect measurements, their direct spectroscopic characterization remains challenging.
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