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Background: Insulin pumps coupled with continuous glucose monitoring sensors use algorithms to analyze real-time blood glucose levels. This allows for the suspension of insulin administration before hypoglycemic thresholds are reached or for adaptive tuning in hybrid closed-loop systems. This longitudinal retrospective study aims to analyze real-world glycemic outcomes in a pediatric population transitioning to such devices.

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Introduction: While people with diabetes (PWD)'s experiences with their insulin delivery systems (IDS) are frequently reported in clinical trials, few real-world data exist on the subject. This study aimed to assess the real-world experience and satisfaction with IDS in PWD.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey of PWD treated with tubed or tubeless insulin pumps, hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems, or multiple daily injections (MDI) for at least 3 months ran from 4 to 16 May 2023.

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Primary care clinicians (PCCs) manage 90% of patients with diabetes, 30% of whom require insulin with a substantial number poorly controlled because of the challenges that PCCs face (time constraints and lack of experience). The author has developed Federal Drug Administration cleared and Conformite Europeenne mark registered comprehensive computerized insulin dose adjustment algorithms (CIDAAs) to enable PCCs to significantly lower HbA1c levels in insulin-requiring patients. Reports sent to PCCs contain scatter plots of glucose readings, their organization into pre- and postprandial and before bedtime values, their analyses, and recommendations for insulin dose adjustments (if indicated) that the PCC can accept or modify.

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Addressing Disparities Using Continuous Glucose Monitors and Remote Patient Monitoring for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background: Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and public insurance have lower diabetes technology use. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a program to support continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use with remote patient monitoring (RPM) to improve glycemia for youth with established T1D and public insurance.

Methods: From August 2020 to June 2023, we provided CGM with RPM support via patient portal messaging for youth with established T1D on public insurance with challenges obtaining consistent CGM supplies.

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Expectations and Outcomes From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists As Adjunct Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes - Case Presentations.

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to lifelong insulin dependence. Despite advancements in insulin therapies and glucose monitoring, maintaining optimal blood glucose control remains challenging with common issues like weight gain and glucose variability. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity, are being explored off-label for T1D.

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