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Induction of fetal meiotic oocytes from embryonic stem cells in cynomolgus monkeys. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on creating a framework for human oogenesis (egg development) using in vitro (lab-based) techniques, emphasizing the importance of using a model that closely resembles human biology.
  • Researchers have successfully differentiated embryonic stem cells from cynomolgus monkeys into primordial germ cell-like cells that develop into oogonia and then into early-stage meiotic oocytes.
  • The findings highlight both the similarities between monkey and human oogenesis, as well as the regulatory factors affecting egg development, suggesting that cynomolgus monkeys serve as a valuable model for understanding and improving human in vitro egg development.

Article Abstract

Human in vitro oogenesis provides a framework for clarifying the mechanism of human oogenesis. To create its benchmark, it is vital to promote in vitro oogenesis using a model physiologically close to humans. Here, we establish a foundation for in vitro oogenesis in cynomolgus (cy) monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): cy female embryonic stem cells harboring one active and one inactive X chromosome (Xa and Xi, respectively) differentiate robustly into primordial germ cell-like cells, which in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries develop efficiently into oogonia and, remarkably, further into meiotic oocytes at the zygotene stage. This differentiation entails comprehensive epigenetic reprogramming, including Xi reprogramming, yet Xa and Xi remain epigenetically asymmetric with, as partly observed in vivo, incomplete Xi reactivation. In humans and monkeys, the Xi epigenome in pluripotent stem cells functions as an Xi-reprogramming determinant. We further show that developmental pathway over-activations with suboptimal up-regulation of relevant meiotic genes impede in vitro meiotic progression. Cy in vitro oogenesis exhibits critical homology with the human system, including with respect to bottlenecks, providing a salient model for advancing human in vitro oogenesis.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10152148PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022112962DOI Listing

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