Background: The epidemiology of infants who exhibited the Koch-like phenomenon after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and who subsequently tested positive in interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was compared to that of those who tested negative. The reports of pediatricians on the phenomenon to the health authorities of Japan were retrieved and analyzed.
Methods: In 2013-2019, 790 infants with such events were reported with IGRA test results available, of whom 81 (10.3%) tested positive and 709 (89.7%) negative.
Results: The infants who were IGRA positive did not show an increasing trend (P = 0.06, P = 0.60), whereas those who were IGRA negative showed a significantly increasing trend (P = 0.42, P = 0.0002). The infants who were IGRA positive did not exhibit seasonality, whereas those who were IGRA negative had a higher number of cases in winter than in summer. The rates of infants who were IGRA positive per 10 million live births showed a significant correlation with the tuberculosis (TB) notification rates by prefecture (P = 0.41, P = 0.004), whereas those who were IGRA negative did not (P = 0.04, P = 0.78).
Conclusion: The IGRA-positive infants were distributed quite differently from those who were IGRA negative and appeared more likely to be infected with TB. Reports of pediatricians on the Koch-like phenomenon should continuously be collected as the reports reflect a risk of TB infection including TB outbreaks among infants in Japan. The reports should include IGRA test results as IGRA is more specific than tuberculin skin testing. Infants with IGRA-positive results should be followed up for 2-3 years to determine their final outcomes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_203_22 | DOI Listing |
Transpl Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background: Patients with cancer are at elevated risk for tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. Diagnosis of latent TB infection and TB disease remains challenging in this patient population despite the advent of interferon-γ release assays (IGRA).
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with cancer who had IGRA testing (QuantiFERON-TB [QFT-TB] or T-SPOT.
Transpl Immunol
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Background: The rate of immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays the principal role in the development of serious post-transplant complications. However, the post-transplantation course has a significant impact on shaping the immune system of the recipient, per se, thus representing risk factors for subsequent unfavorable outcomes. The predictive power of an interferon gamma (IFNγ) release assay (IGRA) on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or hematological relapse in recipients of allo-HSCT treated with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and the impact of these complications on the restoration of cellular immune responsiveness was evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Med Insights Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Background: Morphea is a skin condition marked by erythematous and hardened inflammatory lesions that can progress to atrophic and sclerotic plaques. In this case report, we present a case of a pregnant woman who showed morphea presentation.
Case Presentation: A 37-year-old GPL woman with a gestational age of 32 weeks and 2 days was referred to the hospital with complaints of swelling, pain, and erythema in both legs for the past week, without any obstetric complaints.
Infez Med
December 2024
Clinical Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response to complex antigens without clinical, radiological and microbiological signs of active disease. Effective diagnosis and preventive treatment of LTBI are crucial for tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in high-risk groups. Currently, two main tests are used for LTBI diagnosis: the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and the Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA), including the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) and the T-SPOT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
October 2024
Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, IND.
Testing for latent tuberculosis infection is essential for diagnosing infections in asymptomatic individuals. Preventing the transition of latent to active tuberculosis is imperative, especially in high-risk populations such as healthcare workers. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the Mantoux/tuberculin skin test (TST) are two examples of diagnostic instruments utilized for detection.
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