AI Article Synopsis
- The study characterizes the carbon content of particulate matter (PM) in Shyamnagar, West Bengal, focusing on its sources and atmospheric processing throughout one year.
- PM concentrations were notably higher during winter and post-monsoon periods, influenced by nearby industrial and biomass burning, while monsoon and pre-monsoon showed cleaner air compared to these seasons.
- The analysis of carbon isotopes revealed that different sources affect PM composition, helping policymakers address pollution and implement better air quality strategies.
Article Abstract
This study reports the chemical characterization of the carbonaceous component of PM (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) collected over a year-long campaign from a regional site in Shyamnagar, West Bengal, in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), India. The carbonaceous fractions (elemental and organic carbon), mass concentrations, and stable carbon isotopic composition (δC value) of aerosols were measured and utilized to characterize the sources and understand the atmospheric processing of aerosols. Cluster analysis, Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) modeling, and fire count data were analyzed to decipher the pattern of air masses, source contributions, and extent of burning activities. The PM mass concentrations were significantly higher during winter (168.3 ± 56.3 μg m) and post-monsoon (109.8 ± 59.1 μg m) compared to the monsoon (29.8 ± 10.7 μg m) and pre-monsoon (55.1 ± 23.0 μg m). Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC) concentrations were also several factors higher during winter and post-monsoon compared to monsoon and pre-monsoon. The winter and post-monsoon experienced the impact of air masses from upwind IGP. On the other hand, long-range transported air masses from the South-West direction dominated during monsoon and pre-monsoon, which are also relatively cleaner periods. The average δC during post-monsoon and winter was ∼1‰ higher compared to monsoon and pre-monsoon. The vehicular exhaust and biomass/biofuel burning contributed dominantly in winter and post-monsoon. In comparison, lower δC in pre-monsoon and monsoon might be attributed to the dominance of biomass/biofuel combustion. Photochemical-induced aging of the anthropogenic aerosols resulted in a higher δC of TC in winter and post-monsoon, whereas the mixing of different local sources in pre-monsoon and monsoon resulted in lower δC values. These findings benefit policymakers in strategizing proper and effective management of biomass/biofuel burning in the IGP to minimize air pollution.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138422 | DOI Listing |
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