Calculating the fossil energy consumption, revealing the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of net CO emissions, and analyzing the decoupling effect between social development and net CO emissions in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is crucial to support the different regions, allowing them to select their individual industrial development and carbon emission reduction path. The results showed that:① from 1999 to 2012, YREB became greener, the CO emission of the YREB increased by 2244.23 million tons, and the carbon sink increased by 148.07 million tons during the research period. ② From 2013 to 2018, the area of medium-high carbon sequestration (NPP>800 g·m, count for C) increased by 23.25%, compared with that from 1999-2012. ③ A highly decoupling effect between social development and net CO emissions was found in the downstream of the YREB. The highest decoupling cities in the upstream, midstream, and downstream accounted for 12%, 34%, and 54% of the highest decoupling cities in the YREB, respectively.
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