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Omicron subvariants illustrate reduced respiratory tissue penetration, cell damage and inflammatory responses in human airway epithelia.
Front Immunol
November 2023
Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Introduction: To explore whether the reported lower pathogenicity in infected individuals of variant of concern (VoC) Omicron and its current subvariants compared to VoC Delta may be related to fundamental differences in the initial virus-tissue interaction, we assessed their ability to penetrate, replicate and cause damage in a human 3D respiratory model.
Methods: For this, we used TEER measurements, real-time PCR, LDH, cytokine and complex confocal imaging analyses.
Results And Discussion: We observed that Delta readily penetrated deep into the respiratory epithelium and this was associated with major tissue destruction, high LDH activity, high viral loads and pronounced innate immune activation as observed by intrinsic C3 activation and IL-6 release at infection sites.
A Novel Targeted RIG-I Receptor 5'Triphosphate Double Strain RNA-Based Adjuvant Significantly Improves the Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta-Omicron Chimeric RBD-Dimer Recombinant Protein Vaccine.
Viruses
April 2023
Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China.
The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants recently, especially through the emerging variants Omicron BA5, BF7, XBB and BQ1, necessitate the development of universal vaccines to provide broad spectrum protection against variants. For the SARS-CoV-2 universal recombinant protein vaccines, an effective approach is necessary to design broad-spectrum antigens and combine them with novel adjuvants that can induce high immunogenicity. In this study, we designed a novel targeted retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) receptor 5'triphosphate double strain RNA (5'PPP dsRNA)-based vaccine adjuvant (named AT149) and combined it with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron chimeric RBD-dimer recombinant protein (D-O RBD) to immunize mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA COVID-19 DNA Vaccine Candidate Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants including the Currently Circulating Omicron BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB.
Vaccines (Basel)
March 2023
Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China.
Waves of breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants currently pose a global challenge to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We previously reported a pVAX1-based DNA vaccine candidate, pAD1002, that encodes a receptor-binding domain (RBD) chimera of SARS-CoV-1 and Omicron BA.1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificance of Vitamin Supplementation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19.
Mini Rev Med Chem
January 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT-84606, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * Vaccines were quickly developed to combat COVID-19; however, new variants like omicron BA-4, BA-5, and BF-7 have raised concerns about vaccine effectiveness, prompting the development of better vaccines and antiviral treatments.
- * Recent studies suggest that vitamins A, B, C, D, and E may help modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation, making them potential adjuvant therapies in managing COVID-19 symptoms.
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