Department of Microbiology, Immunity Theme, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University.
Published: February 2023
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The differentiation of naïve CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into effector and memory states results in large scale changes in transcriptional and phenotypic profiles. Little is known about how large-scale changes in genome organisation reflect or underpin these transcriptional programs. We utilised Hi-C to map changes in the spatial organisation of long-range genome contacts within naïve, effector and memory virus-specific CD8 T cells. We observed that the architecture of the naive CD8 T cell genome was distinct from effector and memory genome configurations with extensive changes within discrete functional chromatin domains. However, deletion of the BACH2 or SATB1 transcription factors was sufficient to remodel the naïve chromatin architecture and engage transcriptional programs characteristic of differentiated cells. This suggests that the chromatin architecture within naïve CD8 T cells is preconfigured to undergo autonomous remodelling upon activation, with key transcription factors restraining differentiation by actively enforcing the unique naïve chromatin state.
Introduction: Despite improvements in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), some patients still suffer from functional impairments, indicating the poor understanding of pathophysiologic process of AIS. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AIS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the peripheral inflammation in different subtypes of AIS.
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is an autoimmune condition which causes significant morbidity in children and young adults and is more severe in its presentation than adult-onset SLE. While many aspects of immune dysfunction have been studied extensively in adult-onset SLE, there is limited and contradictory evidence of how cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis and studies exploring cytotoxicity in JSLE are virtually non-existent. Here, we report that CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity is reduced in JSLE versus healthy controls, irrespective of treatment or disease activity.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes human tuberculosis. As mycobacteria are protected by thick lipid cell wall, humans have developed immune responses against diverse mycobacterial lipids. Most of these immunostimulatory lipids are known as adjuvants acting through innate immune receptors, such as C-type lectin receptors.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Immune function is affected by vitamin D status but the optimal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level for immune function is not known.
Objectives: We hypothesized that 25(OH)D would be associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation.
Methods: We identified associations between 25(OH)D and immune markers from 361 healthy adults using polynomial regression.
Background: Renal CD8 tissue-resident memory T (T) cells display prolonged survival and activity in lupus nephritis (LN), exacerbating renal pathology. NLRP3 regulates the T cell response. This study explored the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activity on the regulatory functions of T cells in LN.
