Clinical settings, management and factors affecting outcomes in multi and extensively-drug resistant endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To report the clinical settings, management and factors affecting outcomes in multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) endophthalmitis.

Settings: Retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative interventional case series. Cases of MDR and XDR endophthalmitis from January 2012 to December 2020 treated at our tertiary eye care center were included. Data collected included clinical data, anatomic and functional outcome, isolated micro-organisms, and culture sensitivity.

Results: This study included 29 eyes of 29 patients with MDR/XDR endophthalmitis. Mean age at presentation was 60.27 ± 14.9 years (median 63). Commonest clinical setting was acute post-operative endophthalmitis in 27 cases (93.1%). Concurrent corneal infiltrate was present in 11 eyes (37.9%). Initial intervention in 19 eyes (65.5%) was vitrectomy, 2 of which underwent endoscopic pars plana vitrectomy. Mean number of interventions was 3.34 ± 1.44 (median 4). Mean follow up was 3.25 ± 3.07 months (median 2). Sensitivity to ceftazidime was 48.28%. All isolates were sensitive to colistin. Mean visual acuity at last follow up in logMAR was 2.64 ± 1.48 (median 3.5). Seven eyes (24.13%) were NPL (nil perception of light) at the last follow up. Two eyes (6.9%) underwent evisceration. Nine eyes (31.03%) had a favourable anatomic and functional outcome. Eyes without a corneal infiltrate at presentation were found to have a favourable anatomic and favourable functional outcome (OR 11.91, P < 0.04, CI 1.08 to 130.93).

Conclusion: Corneal involvement at presentation is associated with poorer outcomes in MDR and XDR endophthalmitis. There is a potential role of higher newer antibiotics especially colistin in the management of these cases.