Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 3: Dogs.

Insulin therapy should ideally mimic a basal-bolus pattern. Lente, NPH, NPH/regular mixes, PZI, glargine U100, and detemir are intermediate-acting formulations that are administered twice daily in dogs. To minimize hypoglycemia, intermediate-acting insulin protocols are usually geared towards alleviating (but not eliminating) clinical signs. Insulin glargine U300 and insulin degludec meet the criteria for an effective and safe basal insulin in dogs. In most dogs, good control of clinical signs is achieved when using a basal insulin alone. In a small minority, bolus insulin at the time of at least one meal per day may be added to optimize glycemic control.