Millimeter wave fixed wireless systems in future backhaul and access network applications can be affected by weather conditions. The losses caused by rain attenuation and antenna misalignment due to wind-induced vibrations have greater impacts on the link budget reduction at E-band frequencies and higher. The current International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) recommendation has been widely used to estimate rain attenuation, and the recent Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) report provides the model to estimate the wind-induced attenuation. This article provides the first experimental study of the combined rain and wind effects in a tropical location using both models at a frequency in the E band (74.625 GHz) and a short distance of 150 m. In addition to using wind speeds for attenuation estimation, the setup also provides direct antenna inclination angle measurements using the accelerometer data. This solves the limitation of relying on the wind speed since the wind-induced loss is dependent on the inclination direction. The results show that the current ITU-R model can be used to estimate the attenuation of a short fixed wireless link under heavy rain, and the addition of wind attenuation via the APT model can estimate the worst-case link budget during high wind speeds.
Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Apionidae), a weevil native to Europe and western Asia, shows promise for enhancing the control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.), an invasive annual forb in the western United States. However, a paucity of data on this biocontrol agent's environmental constraints has made it difficult to assess the suitability of potential release locations.
This study investigates the relationship between out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare spending, economic growth, population growth, and government health expenditure as a proportion of general government expenditure using National Health Accounts (NHA) estimates. Out-of-Pocket (OOP) healthcare spending imposes a substantial financial burden on households, especially in developing economies such as India. Understanding the factors that influence OOP payments is crucial for policymakers seeking to enhance healthcare systems and achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Purpose: Individual-level state-transition microsimulations (iSTMs) have proliferated for economic evaluations in place of cohort state transition models (cSTMs). Probabilistic economic evaluations quantify decision uncertainty and value of information (VOI). Previous studies show that iSTMs provide unbiased estimates of expected incremental net monetary benefits (EINMB), but statistical properties of iSTM-produced estimates of decision uncertainty and VOI remain uncharacterized.
Despite the substantial expenditures on health care in the United States, persistent underperformance in health system metrics necessitates innovative approaches to address complex patient needs. The MedVantage Clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, offers a regionally tailored, value-based primary care model targeting patients with high social and medical needs. This study provides an evaluation of the efficacy of the MedVantage Clinic in improving the cost of care and service utilization for this population.
