Based on the examination of the basic properties, the solvent extraction process (SEP) was applied with high efficiency in the extraction of bitumen from Indonesian oil sands. To separate the oil sands, different organic solvents were first screened, and the extraction effects were analyzed to select a suitable solvent. Then, the effects of operating conditions on the extraction rate of bitumen were investigated. Finally, the compositions and structures of the bitumen obtained under suitable conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the Indonesian oil sands were oil-wet oil sands with a bitumen content of 24.93%, containing a large number of asphaltenes and resins with high polarity and complex structures. The separation performance was affected by different organic solvents and operating conditions. It was shown that the closer the structure and polarity of the selected solvent is to the solute, the better the extraction effect. The extraction rate of bitumen reached 18.55% when toluene was used as the extraction solvent under the operating conditions of V (solvent):m (oil sands) 3:1, temperature 40 °C, stirring velocity 300 r/min, time 30 min. The method could also be applied to the separation of other oil-wet oil sands. The compositions and structures of bitumen can guide the separation and comprehensive use of industrial oil sands.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002370 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054527 | DOI Listing |
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