The nucleolar rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin (FBL) contains a highly conserved methyltransferase domain at the C-terminus and a diverse glycine arginine-rich (GAR) domain at the N-terminus in eukaryotes. We found that a nine-exon configuration of fbl and exon 2-3 encoded GAR domain are conserved and specific in vertebrates. All internal exons except exon 2 and 3 are of the same lengths in different vertebrate lineages. The lengths of exon 2 and 3 vary in different vertebrate species but the ones with longer exon 2 usually have shorter exon 3 complementarily, limiting lengths of the GAR domain within a certain range. In tetrapods except for reptiles, exon 2 appears to be longer than exon 3. We specifically analyzed different lineages of reptiles for their GAR sequences and exon lengths. The lengths of exon 2 in reptiles are around 80-130-nt shorter and the lengths of exon 3 in reptiles are around 50-90 nt longer than those in other tetrapods, all in the GAR-coding regions. An FSPR sequence is present at the beginning of the GAR domain encoded by exon 2 in all vertebrates, and a specific FXSP/G element (X can be K, R, Q, N, and H) exist in the middle of GAR with phenylalanine as the 3rd exon 3-encoded amino acid residue starting from jawfish. Snakes, turtles, and songbirds contain shorter exon 2 compared with lizards, indicating continuous deletions in exon 2 and insertions/duplications in exon 3 in these lineages. Specifically, we confirmed the presence the fbl gene in chicken and validated the RNA expression. Our analyses of the GAR-encoding exons of fbl in vertebrates and reptiles should provide the basis for further evolutionary analyses of more GAR domain encoding proteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2023.147345 | DOI Listing |
Front Cell Dev Biol
November 2024
Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
Fibrillarin (FBL) is a highly conserved and well-researched nucleolar protein found in eukaryotes. Its presence was first identified in 1985 through protein immunoblotting analyses using antisera from patients with autoimmune scleroderma. Through immunoelectron microscopy, FBL was shown to be localized in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus, leading to the term "fibrillarin".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncogene
November 2024
Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
The effectiveness of radiotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on its ability to induce cell death via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, genes responsible for mitigating oxidative stress can impede radiotherapy's efficacy. In this study, we elucidate a significant association between the nucleolar protein Fibrillarin (FBL) and the oxidative stress response in CRC tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
August 2024
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arthropod-borne, plus-strand flavivirus causing viral encephalitis in humans with a high case fatality rate. The JEV non-structural protein 5 (NS5) with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity interacts with the viral and host proteins to constitute the replication complex. We have identified the multifunctional protein Nucleolin (NCL) as one of the several NS5-interacting host proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
July 2024
Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:
Glycine- and arginine-rich (GAR) motifs, commonly found in RNA-binding and -processing proteins, can be symmetrically (SDMA) or asymmetrically (ADMA) dimethylated at the arginine residue by protein arginine methyltransferases. Arginine-methylated protein motifs are usually read by Tudor domain-containing proteins. Here, using a GFP-Trap, we identify a non-Tudor domain protein, squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 (SART3), as a reader for SDMA-marked GAR motifs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
May 2024
Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, School of Information engineering, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
When using advanced detection algorithms to monitor alligator gar in real-time in wild waters, the efficiency of existing detection algorithms is subject to certain limitations due to turbid water quality, poor underwater lighting conditions, and obstruction by other objects. In order to solve this problem, we developed a lightweight real-time detection network model called ARD-Net, from the perspective of reducing the amount of calculation and obtaining more feature map patterns. We introduced a cross-domain grid matching strategy to accelerate network convergence, and combined the involution operator and dual-channel attention mechanism to build a more lightweight feature extractor and multi-scale detection reasoning network module to enhance the network's response to different semantics.
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