AI Article Synopsis
- Novichoks, a type of toxic chemical, pose significant environmental risks, and effective decontamination methods are crucial for their neutralization, particularly A-234, a nerve agent.
- This study conducted detailed experiments using various analytical methods to examine A-234's persistence in the environment and the effectiveness of different decontaminants.
- Results indicate that A-234 remains stable in sand and is resistant to many traditional decontaminants, but can be effectively neutralized within 30 minutes using specific agents like Oxone® and calcium hypochlorite.
Article Abstract
With the fact that there are Novichoks in the list of toxic chemicals by the Chemical Weapons Convention parties, it is necessary to develop methods of effective neutralization of the agents as well as for other organophosphorus toxic substances. However, experimental studies on their persistence in the environment and effective decontamination measures remain scarce. Therefore, here, we investigated the persistence behavior and decontamination methods of A-234 (ethyl N-[1-(diethylamino)ethylidene]phosphoramidofluoridate), a Novichok series, A-type nerve agent to assess its potential risk to the environment. Different analytical methods were implemented, including P solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid P NMR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and vapor-emission screening using a microchamber/thermal extractor with GC-MS. Our results showed that A-234 is extremely stable in sand and poses a long-lasting risk to the environment even when released in trace quantities. Moreover, the agent is not easily decomposed by water, dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt, sodium persulfate, and chlorine-based water-soluble decontaminants. However, it is efficiently decontaminated by Oxone® monopersulfate, calcium hypochlorite, KOH, NaOH, and HCl within 30 min. Our findings provide valuable insights for eliminating the highly dangerous Novichok agents from the environment.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131150 | DOI Listing |
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