Among the most damaging diseases of rubber trees is anthracnose caused by the genus , which leads to significant economic losses. Nonetheless, the specific spp. that infect rubber trees in Yunnan Province, an important natural rubber base in China, have not been extensively investigated. Here, we isolated 118 strains from rubber tree leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms in multiple plantations in Yunnan. Based on comparisons of their phenotypic characteristics and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences, 80 representative strains were chosen for additional phylogenetic analysis based on eight loci (, , cal, , , , , and ), and nine species were identified. , , and were found to be the dominant pathogens causing rubber tree anthracnose in Yunnan. was common, whereas , , , , and were rare. Among these nine species, and are reported for the first time in China, and two species are new to the world: sp. nov. in the species complex and sp. nov. in the species complex. Their pathogenicity was confirmed with Koch's postulates by inoculating each species in vivo on rubber tree leaves. This study clarifies the geographic distribution of spp. associated with anthracnose on rubber trees in representative locations of Yunnan, which is crucial for the implementation of quarantine measures.
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