Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox), a Magnoliidae tree, is popular for its unique fragrant aroma and winter-flowering characteristics, which is widely used in gardens and pots, or for cut flowers, essential oil, medicine, and edible products. MIKC-type of MADS-box gene family play a crucial role in plant growth and development process, particularly in controlling flowering time and floral organ development. Although MIKC-type genes have been well studied in many plant species, the study of MIKC-type is poorly in C. praecox. In this study, we identified 30 MIKC-type genes of C. praecox on gene structures, chromosomal location, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships based on bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic relationships analysis with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa Japonica), Amborella trichopoda and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) showed that CpMIKCs were divided into 13 subclasses, each subclass containing 1 to 4 MIKC-type genes. The Flowering locus C (FLC) subfamily was absent in C. praecox genome. CpMIKCs were randomly distributed into eleven chromosomes of C. praecox. Besides, the quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was performed for the expression pattern of several MIKC-type genes (CpFUL, CpSEPs and CpAGL6s) in seven bud differentiation stages and indicated that they were involved in dormancy breaking and bud formation. Additionally, overexpression of CpFUL in Arabidopsis Columbia-0 (Col-0) resulted in early flowering and showed difference in floral organs, leaves and fruits. These data could provide conducive information for understanding the roles of MIKC-type genes in the floral development and lay a foundation for screening candidate genes to validate function.
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